There are some T2s with higher MDM’s than some T4’s.
Also the Armor Pen guide you listed is a bit out of date. Armor Pen used to be applied to armor. So 25% armor pen against 800 armor treated it as 600 armor or: 76% damage reduction becomes 71% reduction.
But the way it works now is Armor pen is assessed directly to damage reduction. So 25% in this case would apply directly to that 76% to make it 51%.
Its why when you use a stone mace against a Rocknose you don’t see negligible amounts of damage increases (if it was the old way I doubt you’d see much if any at all). But it damn near does double the damage of most other weapons.
And Agility for players gives 4 armor per point. That is all it does in regards to armor. It has other benefits for players as well, but not thralls. For thralls it gives anywhere from 8 to 12 (maybe more in some cases) armor per. Depending on thrall.
I’ve already done quite a few tests. Its a bit off topic, but here’s a funny little bit of knowledge about bows and arrows. They do not add any of their attributes together. Bows and Arrows do their damage and armor pen as if they were separate attacks. It calculates as a bow and an arrow attack and then adds the results together (even before a mod can pick up on it). When I was making an archery mod a few years back, I was trying to have a system where arrows would have little damage but arrow types would determine armor penetration. Where the damage would be imparted from the bow.
Problem I ran into is the expected damage was not happening and was doing quite a bit less than I expected. After hours of testing it was a random thought that maybe the attacks were separate. So when I tested for that, it gave consistent results.
One of the things that helps us PC players is Hosav’s UI. It has a function of floating damage numbers that show’s what’s happening. The old way of doing it was to have PVP on, can damage structures on, and friendly fire damage at 100%. Then we’d attack a thrall and quickly check their health to see how much happened. It was tedious. And we were using weapons with different stats. If we wanted to use test weapons, we’d have to mod them in.
Now we have the numbers pop up and we have admin commands that allow us to change the damage and armor pen of any weapon in our inventory. For example if I want to use a spear with 100 damage and 15% armor pen for a test, I can do so. I can then change the armor pen to 30% and see the difference. I can also change armor values to get the damage reduction I am shooting for.
That last one I use a table created in a TI-83 (hey, I spent like $200 for it for college over 20 years ago, I’m gonna get use out of it) for different armor values in sections of 50. By the way the formula for damage reductions is (the article you linked had a chart, but not the formula):
Damage Reduction = Armor / (Armor + 250)