If you’re playing on official, you can’t get it back without grinding to craft a new one, sorry. If you’re playing private, ask your admin if there’s something they can do. If you’re on singleplayer, just spawn a new one in.
Just wondering though, for troubleshooting purposes, could you describe the location you had your shrine? Where on the map did you build? Was it built on the bare ground, on foundation pieces, or ceiling pieces? There’s an open thread on the PC Bugs forum. You might want to contribute your experiences there as well, let them know there is an issue.