Thralls at level 0 start with different stats. I guess you took named thralls, they have fixed starting points. For example, Cannibal brute always starts with 15 in grit, whereas a Cimmerian berserker has 30 in vitality and 15 in strength.
You mentioned, one has 10 point in STR, and 28 in AGI. Are those the points the slave gained only while leveling, or the total (with the starting points)?
They have hidden damage multipliers, and if I’m correct, the melee multiplier applies for both agility and strength based melee weapons, ranged multiplier for bows and throwing objects.
Basically, there are many foods that increase the Strength damage bonus, which is why you’re seeing a higher STR damage bonus despite AGI being higher.
This thread is where you’ll find the most accurate, detailed and up-to-date information on thralls and how their stats work.
It’s included in @Xevyr ‘s thrall guide, but the guide can be a bit overwhelming.
He also made a spreadsheet with all thralls in the game.
If you just want to compare the numbers, here it is.